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http://doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh202233238

Received: 19.04.2021; Accepted: 04.05.2021; Published on-line 15.06.2022

Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ltrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons

Borisov S. O.1, Kostiev F. I. 1, Borisov O. V. 1, Dekhtiar Yu. M. 1, 

Vit V. V. 2, Molchaniuk N. I. 2, Mikheytseva I. M. 2, Kolomiichuk S. G. 2, Amaied Ahmed 2

1 Odesa National Medical University; Odesa (Ukraine)

2 SI "The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine"; Odesa (Ukraine) Received 19.04.2021 Accepted 04.05.2021

TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Borisov SO, Kostiev FI, Borisov OV, Dekhtiar YuM, Vit VV, Molchaniuk NI, Mikheytseva IM, Kolomiichuk SG, Amaied Ahmed.  Effect of experimental type 2 diabetes complicated by pyelonephritis on ultrastructural changes in the choroid, retina and nephrons. J.ophthalmol.(Ukraine).2022;3:32-8.    http://doi.org/10.31288/oftalmolzh202233238  

 

Background: The clinical and morphological picture of diabetic microangiopathy is rather specific. Diabetic retinal ischemia can lead to irreversible damage to retinal neural elements and choroidal capillaries. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to progressive renal dysfunction and chronic renal failure. Choroidal and retinal capillaries are structurally and functionally similar to those of the intestinal mucosa and renal tissue.

Purpose: To assess vascular ultrastructural changes in the choroid, retina, and renal glomerular and tubular system in a rat model of pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Material and Methods: Samples were obtained from 95 Wistar rats divided into three groups: group 1 (or control group) of 30 intact animals; group 2 of 15 animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin 15.0 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days; and group 3 of 50 animals with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (streptozotocin 35.0 mg/kg on 2 days spaced by a week). Acute pyelonephritis was induced by Escherichia coli administration (107 CFU/kg) rectally. The ultrastructure of rat choroidal, retinal and renal glomerular-and-tubular vessels was examined with electron microscopy (PEM-100-01 electron microscope).

Results: In rats with induced type 2 diabetes mellitus, the most significant ocular vascular changes and renal vascular changes were found in endothelial cells. These changes included findings of vacuolar degeneration in some epithelial cells, basal membrane thickening and focal necrosis of individual epithelial cells. Vessel lumens appeared focally narrowed or expanded, with red blood cells forming clumps or sludge in lumens. Some capillaries were obliterated. These changes obviously caused secondary changes in the surrounding structures. Common ocular changes included focal destruction in retinal pigment epithelium cells, destruction of retinal photoreceptor inner segments and choroidal stromal edema. Common renal changes included destruction of the podocytes of the glomerular capillary network and homogenization of the basal membrane. Vascular ultrastructural changes in the renal glomerular system were more marked in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus and pyelonephritis than in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus only.

Conclusion: Electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated the ultrastructural changes in the retinal and uveal vascular systems which were of a similar type to those in the renal glomerular-and-tubular system in rats with experimental pyelonephritis in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: ultrastructure, pyelonephritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, choroid, retina, renal glomeruli and tubules

 

 

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Disclosures

Corresponding Author: Kolomiichuk Serhii,  fiatovbiochem@ukr.net, 

Author contribution: Borisov S.O.: preparation of the initial project, modeling of acute pyelonephritis on the background of type II diabetes, analysis of results, writing; Kostev F.I.: concept, design, analysis, reviewing and editing; Borisov O.V.: concept, design, reviewing and editing; Dekhtyar Yu.M.: concept, reviewing and editing; Vit V.V.: concept, reviewing and editing; Molchanyuk N.I.: data analysis and interpretation (ultrastructure of the vessels of the choroid, retina, tubules and glomeruli of the rat kidneys); Mikheytseva I.M.: concept, design, reviewing and editing; Kolomiychuk S.G.: modeling of type II diabetes, writing; Ahmed Amaied: modeling of type II diabetes, dat analysis, writing. All authors analyzed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest. The authors state that there is no conflict of interest that could affect their opinion on the subject or materials described and discussed in this manuscript.

Sources of support. None

The article is part of research on "The role of cellular and tissue metabolism in the diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract and genitals" №State Registration 0121U108881, 2021-2025; "Clinical and experimental study in determining the pathogenetic role of metabolic disorders of the anterior and posterior part of the eye in type II diabetes with myopia" № state registration 0119U101071, 2019-2021.

Disclaimer: The opinions presented in this article are solely those of the author and not the official position of the institutions.