Cytokines levels in the eye structures and fluids in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with postoperative complications

Levitskaya GV

SI «The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy NAMS of Ukraine»

Odessa, Ukraine

Introduction. Cytokine imbalance role was established in the pathogenesis of macular edema in vascular retinal diseases. However, pathogenesis of macular edema developing after successful treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is not represented in literature. Character of local cytokine changes in patients with proliferative postoperative complications remains insufficiently studied. Also are not studied cytokines level changes in eye fluids after surgery and their role in development of postoperative complications.

Purpose is to identify differences of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF- a) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the vitreous and vitreous fluid in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with postoperative complications such as macular disorders (according to the OCT) and recurrent detachment.

Material and methods. Ophthalmologic examination (visual acuity, field of vision, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, ultrasound and OCT) was performed in 79 RRD patients and level of TNF-a and VEGF determined in the vitreous and vitreous contents by ELISA.

Results. Was found that in cases with postoperative complications level of TNF-a in the vitreous and vitreous contents was almost 2 times higher than in patients without complications, VEGF level — by 66.2 and 42.9 %. TNF-a level in the vitreous body was elevated in all kinds of complications especially in recurrent retinal detachment (2.9 times). In the vitreous contents the highest TNF-a level was in cases with epimacular membrane, recurrent retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema. VEGF level in the vitreous, as well as in vitreous contents was highter in macular edema cases and especially in patients with epimaculare membrane and recurrent detachment concerning patients without complications. 

Conclusions. Presented data confirm the role of cytokines TNF a and VEGF local imbalance in development of postoperative complications in RRD patients. Degree of cytokines levels changes corresponds to clinical severity of disease and is maximal in cases with of epimacular membrane or recurrent retinal detachment.

Key words: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, postoperative complications, tumor necrosis factor a, vascular endothelial growth factor, vitreous, vitreous contents.

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